In the article, the emergence and development of the concept of Turan have been examined from the oldest sources to the present, and the use of the concept in various sources has been shown with examples. In ancient Iranian sources, it has been tried to reveal how and in what sense the concept was used in the European scientific world. The meanings given to the concept of Turan in Hungary and Turkey are specifically stated. The Turanism movement, which emerged in Turkey and Hungary based on the concept of Turan, was discussed with its main representatives and organizations, and it was tried to reveal how the movement followed. Also, the Turanism movement in Japan has been briefly mentioned. The general lines and direction of Turanian thought in Turkey were tried to be identified by giving brief lines of the thoughts of thinkers such as Ziya Gökalp, Ömer Seyfettin, Yusuf Akçura, Ahmet Ferit Tek, Mehmet Emin Resulzade, and Nihâl Atsız about Turan and Turkish unity. In addition to the identification of those who understand Turanism only as the unity of Turkish tribes and those who understand it as the unity of Ural-Altaic tribes, differences in the form of political unity/ cultural unity are also shown. At the end of the article, the picture has been tried to be completed by considering the practices of the Turanism movement and Turkish world relations in official and unofficial organizations.

Keywords
Turan, Turanism, Turkish unity, Turkish world, Hungarian Turanism, Japanese Turanism